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http://archive.org/details/applicationsofloOOdutt
APPLICATIONS OF THE LOW-PRES-
SURE STEAM TURBINE
\
MATI LAL DUTT
THESIS
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
| | hee
NT te
: vv 0. Si ee
i : |
!
Ate
| AOdU it Aaa x
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
x Va cae “ oad 196/
TaisisstO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY
ENTITLED —... Cpe Oe SEL OE, of VAs ~ (ea uike
= a ae
IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF (3 eo. yon Ye ese PePrireoring elt
in Charge.
Cetin; HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF. Jha E Beecscak, CUP tnaensey
194596
Contents
Fage
Fristory O74 Developmen: ---------- 7
MEMO CO VIGC/IIICS — .W)- -- - -- =~ ---- 4
3. Classes Of Jurbhine. reir Corns-
truction and principles of operar(oy.- 10
4 Fepresentative /nstallafions -------R/
Me IAS/AMAFIOT em me ome 2 = ee Rel
2) Installation s7 plant ot Te Beten-
Gort Axle Company of Paventport------ Ra
3) /nstallatiog of Rapid Trarnsi* Ca.
OE INGUIN’ As 2) 2 s.r en
4) Installation 17 The power- house of
FAiladelphia Fraga Trans/# Co. ------RE
(5) /nstallatior: ta The vesse/ Ge sie
(6) /stallation in he Liner Olympic’. ----38
(7) lustallation in The power plant of
Chicago N.W Far/wa ly Termial------ 38
J. Heat Heeumulators- Effect of Vacuurm----F1
6. Conclusion - Freld and Future of
Low -Pressure EATS a eee
f. Mia ere prover )
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Fecovery og Four frown Exhaues Ska — Trans,
at (teed Exgwtere . 1909 Vo 38
Shaun Marti 4, Bp Shem Butt - Jonn. bet
Greet, Fury, for 1908
Slee. pote of turtic — Sheiiuuete - Preatiys
bon. Sm. € Marek Recol Afont 1908.
esac turks = lend. Eesg n, Nov 14°1910
Marne Sheauw Tirbire - Evy. mog, Vol 37
1 ‘D9
TIZE LOW-PRESSURE STEANA TURBINE
lL History and Developrnenr
The Sour -porerewee Suntec netvinlly Corn Ho TE
Shane turbine in gouval He yan 1206.0 saw 7h
aging of Stearn Artin prsachion when Hers of
a Rrackou tgfae of Steaca Auntiue, and ativongh
bao wry eruide, ik Utiterd He Atackon of flow-
Wg Straw guot ag, fr metanec, Pareons Yurtinc oes
at tke present Any. Srrer [hin rine oThirs Aave
AMiup~tdl ro utitar The trrgy, of The Steaus “i Q
earilar Prarcuur, Gut 6 sno mer unlil 1984 That
| Mr. Vareone airceeecde of tu Bruitolin Qu axal puacticu
Wkul of /O4.P whiek mace 18000 revetitend, dud
kind wae a practical derrccero, alifkough ik still
Maeda a georl many tuprerements befrr if became
he mackiue Wad ts to-Hag, Hae real Kit of
The steau Arrterce , Iharsfure, Late, fron The year
1884, SreThixr Uutorfaut date tc Thin Hohery We
Ye (1889 whe. de Lownt brevght Out Ais turbine
ue Alpnroet Hho Sacue from 201k wo trey mavle
fe- dag, Hee ro shaw Artie a0 Me foremost
| Act prreceutativres of the Swe most exhtue tyler of This
s * é » ? Mowe
ne ee ea 2 ee. Sev
“i
“>, ww a i 4 wi
¢
key |. all
iM | aceeey Sager ee
sat Hin yd abe Ritcat ¢ eat is ate) ‘
| Mew 220% ;
wr. Atle:
Uecproverents | Afferent vigfire of Perbinee of ron day
Fhe = upon Yiitiice |
| Comer areore .. a
oa Aaktn. oux “nc (894
| pec fort atig ecegiice 7. sna ;
he Pe ee: ‘< | ig - aed
ah ee. eugmed, Cartes z ~
/ : . |
a Aour = poresaure Pes. ree | Quer Lea ;
. | ax
ane ue fhe +sorfeco Lene 6 ae ;
CRenre frou a hugh ies oes | x Foot
; | The exkauce
. an Cegine Ke 2ehiel Coe gee
’ 3 |
| ano nor | a
“ put Yo 2 pPreetieal veor ES |
— frped th Ou rad’ att, orks eo isiee
ae welarthd of nw HK | 3
| “Velox “
amas —— hapa
| | Serew-s, She Arg a
; SOM wrre
“9 ; y
| ticeg etegene, The Aigh heb sot om “i :
oa | fete pita-
: a : J bo a
—
| 3
unre gook. For Kish speed We ercgices Areee nucorpoliol
But te Stemne bari frou Tle Gril, Artes Ho
Aloud The Saece Kicce Proferaer Wathen vracle Fi
Shk#hmar, frurfeczres, AS Ae Ornay prin HL
reece.
|
4.
L shermodynamcs
Ao prenwue ace uccrcaced m Shean foraciice
Cerner Cy he oe
eo ~ Prerwn eyludhrs if
pref of the I nic css dt Cutt.
Covty Me frreton Gf Keay Mmeomnig farts of
Arovheceng Ben- Con Meedug Aud Cxhauchig Satu uo
te atmemrpkite whe. onl, ens- half of the tal
avalatth wok of Te Steacu w weld,
He work whkiel Can he ob fain frou sHeone
to tutu Afletut ou The anew of Kear gira
“fo Anvriing The Cxpaudiou, Bu Cupiie girs 2 gorr
office, ur He ufopr Aart of The Werufyntrre aux
o tagh diner 4 varieg wrt (7 who f= Aensity
Of Steacu. Bur tu ke tower Stage G prerure ,
Cur ro Te Corge totinn gf Cow-burearr SyGndie
i Mecforrabin changer , Whe Offi eciccey Of Ceeg ene
ry ee! vu
on om eee ya
ZOO WN SO ‘-
_ : ; " Le
¥ , 7 de>) J / ” ’ | » D7 yon ae rn noma
= _— “ei oe. oo 7
i
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Lg v
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ot - “<< a be
\ — ¢ a t Mia
v ¢ y e AG dae ¥
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a ~ aaa
ae | wow i?
oh a . — oF oa
Derwent’ —s shies Os as 7 ‘Saplgele ss FY
."
fl ;
s
— Judie. ck avo The Cxpaudcion ye. Ct headl
ferTin down He seats. Lec a Yurtice aclrmutig Can be
MENS? 7 exbanceon wea fotud ahfnrenchurg We
| Meorcheatl Lit, cack parr 2ecuacuiung a7 Alerur
he Stu Hupeeratire Continumel,. PIP honal gain
ES ae ee ar low pfreroies frei he far
| Hat frrvekon Yariee aif 1", Aud Te rarer she rned
fs au Muchntionx. of Tleee faers , 72 Heceeferr-
atu - exctofpy agracu Wag be uted to Abr togs.
| Taking au (leat eget on Ke
| (lee frratine - tuhey Atiue we
fr, Hat tin Cecprces Tho Shean
at 6B Catucet txpaud abate
Catt, +o The friial revecre 4
| Aecaee of very Ganges spesipie
bet. OF Satuxater! Shean,
| She exkauey cfeeco aud uleases Fig. 4
te stean Ar a frevure Higkr Hau f. He achial
fewecere ney be pifreenrtel “Hy a comerned robe
hie EF. Dis Cuttig of The ehie CEF fron
ante unk 0 guehfiut ty We Smatixr Cyliudr
Cote Corrcefec.cliug Yo Ht foorus - on fhe Comefaccr
ot Mee FF. Phe frorut 6 Au Ke Conednee w7/-
ne Lite Tel C Aefrecerts 2 Pek Cruzer
)
Se
Sue Han He veh af ©. Bib te a Yrnrbrune
the Skacr 2% GB Contd ke Cxbaucdid % C Aun Me
loot wok ECF Aeaebecrd. 1
Figarce ft ff a raced
ro a kizhker prenux f The
awa OBR a a fun gadis
he ne OEE Orr
Boneidenatlle Hoor Aue fo pict Fig.2
| hecaccee oR The Kigker Ati Ke, Of The Steacn.,
Lf The Concewen freruxe £ 4 Kowerr Creun
to po MOM Aee uecczeeces Sy Whe Auat Zee!
Aud the gain Ue Confararint, erg somall
Bua DFF'D': bud ur fhe Yurtre, tle Total Cucrpy
Ay Fle 42a Dee’d’
This Acotuseien Shows ConcluccerZ, Tat ux Steam
ad A+ ufefirr frerswrer, 7% ke ticgine Gaius eas
Luey Yo The furthers exteut Le tentiin practice
ae Caek fereroure , “he greats ez Te of creney
iL
a, ¢ | ey yas ‘ Wure a
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Se a oe TT <r edie
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Here ic ity Tht Uupertauee of Wt ow-rescure Yuthine
Tahvug Ye Sutzies guautitatint,, a secupbraton
cethrhy Magn. o Hawn % Scate % Lig 7, Phe
(devel auer tfhieseut Wo scat He amihte eu,
fr pont of dry shea Fhe works Meereticnthy tu
tke Several cacey ve:
| lA. Are COFFE = /38F437 Soot. lbs, raforecentiig Fae
CA of A nen- Condeneug tugine Crking Shan at 175
Reds por sguse “ek aty. anol exkauctiug ar 1S
pod pr vgusn ued.
| k. Ara BDEG = 204300 foot- lbs, refretenthicg ia
Cau of au obinary Concleneig errgire Biking Shean
at 17S fowit pn dguacn nck ateorlil Aud exkXaushiy
tuto 2 rhe of 23 withkic Cf Mirreury,
5. 4a HCFH = 139663 fert-lbs, refreeenting The Currgy
Maewn Auny ty a ton Comueing SHA eugins Ut aes
A Renn GF 29 inthe wen anilatt. % can This
Lxhaut Strace were ewe utp QQ Low- Prurewu. Yer
ape Me ereneee hae teres Arariud of 4, Tle tea
tetd be egusl fe 138000 foor- tbs.
, ee a ee
Phere Que the beer oC facial vacuum ao Here
WW betwen %/75 Pow feresaure Aurel 2lmerbherce
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za Camut vi The Mata. of Things Cake A2brnu-
tage of Uta, ark The Great economy exhititA by The
Skeanw turtin w wketh, Hie tw The fred Kat 4 Cac.
Ahr Three frgures, 138437 for Almecoksrce exkaucr, 20430
frr ComAenecuy Sta eugiuts acl (1384374 /38000)=
276437 for The Shan rertin, o he Sutiud skax
eugene aul low - porerowu Artin exhauchig ucto
a fick rah raenu, AU Zhe arhet: Story. The shea
Aud Fhe Artie 42¢ Wateral Compaueme
— on fr tekhgk aud the She for He Cow purmeo—
Atftougk it w exhewuel, houkt ful if We two shouts,
A. phe 7 he Low yorersure turbine 6 TKat of a glam
eg wnehkfnt fill,
2 /0
Classes of Turbine : Fheip construction
and principles of operator.
keds Of Artie aw antl Anewn. Howcer , A Shot
ot, Mat Me dffereut ype may 4e cael, aferwusa-
Aad,
dr Conu)en arth All Sham engines, Sac Murtrnr
Ot ty Chan Arey ib expaceenr ow metal
Ganiateon Ge forersure, ahers Zo ur Artin, Heuer
wo 2 terfa. exteurs 2 Honrbti Knusfermaterm - (7)
Of Kent cergy ne Ainehe exp, Za Preriug Zt
a Shean (2) of He hectic curgy G We get rho
Offertix amk, Jhe tifeley rent of vetrett, Chaachr-
tts Heo Aetion © uufeulse “Yh, wkere ae fhe nee f
Deen el elehy Characterier The presents oO feo
a MMU
Fig, 4 shows the uni aud
(S } —
Wwe Arranugtmtn7 of 2 rxr- o((( /
true tb
ima) yi
tsar ge Ceca Fig 4 - Vane and Nozzh
maar bbahes Provig ux Me gement of impulse turbines.
rPan-
) ‘ é
aL AS on we
a ee ee
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->- s
5
5 ;
om Oe
a lash is
Ons 3 OR OA Ga "
Co MANE ee Re: RRM ey bed
decrr adigsts SAS Bape eRe Deeks J ecueee ss |
a ae ot | ee ew ee nse enti g
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Aneeton. of the targe arrows au Dare The Staronar,
tlachs o revirecng gridic, Zhi Stenin direcll, tuts 7KE
mz B at trtr fpunure aioli Comsikl, exianchel
ue The arz2ze dewn re he baek frersure of The exkaucr
Ju fprucxh ofecratiox Of Thi Yyfe Of rurbrir
@ Shown ty He Leet? anne, uticatri.g He flow of
Sheau.. He vileeity-Aiagrris may ke nen ro advnutags
m Thin Ox fooscton. Su Figs Bt W = vebrecty of Shean eu
brig frown We morsel 24 Qn auyh « unk He dlaw
ay wih CO The velreity of Mi
Aka. rhe relrety 1, of Me
betwen He Muechon f 7
Gud fhe [Lav of The wheel eter Zhe Aiyh af
fia Clade at eutr-nuee. Lhe tla, being egommctjinat
He trit ulptive relrech, 2 mater Me sau augh 8
ante The place of The wheel, ark te fretenk, cace
Boat, , Cor tining Rank C He nesuthaux absot&
Lik betren, Wr, w ortaitdl, She Sduu preer nehears
Fig 5
» Wn herecuding sits of rau’, Wi Kustic tuergsy
Of We pee wrt velert, we W Zo u,% fr 7 founbo of.
eo a | :
> es eee | a¢
a Pe
a a’ er (52
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a
rd "
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4
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e ae o » Lie “ w
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a
rh ane + tims ha®
= /2
SHAunK , ar <x The aay 3 = iG Bie. Dhirrfort, lhiroretic atl,
| Me kerk ateored by the whats ,Wo= Fo (or 4")
Flg. 6 Shows 7a AAG nbet
of Ma. Statronary Quad Mori, DDD -
brackets of te tarts op rte re &\ KC
attion typfee. Tks Stadionary buc- DY) ) ¢
| kets ao gud BB Comfort ro J CGNs e
Perxtes ue the tufrulee hyfs of Fig 6 - Stationary and
rte , emia CC Bre The Moving
buckets Siuiler tue form fo He saten Ary guides, Zhe
. 4 . J
moving VaNCS 17 Freactior7 turbine
Shear. tur rhe fires Ser of Stationary, buetehs &
UtCreece uw veleuty,, Ske Me nue freroure fer Shage ux
| thio Fryfae of ay rank, exceekh /0 or /2 prowid> aud
The velrety of The Steam i not neark, 22 High aor
Tke Chee of The Greater exbauerrn kat Cecur ue Me
oarle of the tinpeutee rurtine. Ke steace sauces a7
tretinnte betbrecty aut tut ShGKM, rednecn Luni,
Set of meviug Cxrekets C uufhartiug Wo Men by
tuputee iat poortis-c Of its prema ccser gy Hkad Kas
Aen Conrnrited urcto ictrety ty its panage Kiergi
the quits 6 Onniug vo Me Shape of The Marg buckets
Pd “
/ at A
‘
}
a
F
4 he
Patsy
= pe
a. A A
ere pete
ek ; oi: oi dy
a | a ak ~~
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erere , a a See Rar ae ngrG ‘
ae ee ee
" mi
7 he > a4 . any.
> 77 y -
| /3
whiek have Th Sane noel Lhe fom ar Ti guides,
(Tha Stew nudges 2 Mil furshir prerearn. 4o7b, wik
A Corrvepfrouting Cxpaudionw Auk werence ww belrech,
ak ts parage Utevgh Fhe vanes, 7S a result of hE
erence uc veloety,, the troup Sta uufarts
turgy lat 4a, teen Converted mts urtrect,. The
Saue freceer oy refeatd ui he deeoud sev og
Slatrionany Ai Mier vn , aud So on Mioug here
| ao Mace Stages ao Are regwred x Atshner att Me
eee 7 A Sem. r
(Se
blag te wtrtity a less : Be
Mido aen, Ficgs7) aud (8) Cc pee
At wr be Khe atsolhit
vetrrty of The Shear Fig8 eG
Lutiring The yixed rau
f: Ke Stave Kiting Prorgk nee2k-tihke vauts 2cguiny
a Karger vtlytcty Wy hun 0 Meh uw ae
hing te, Unitdk The ferifhrral velrech OC an get
vitreity Of trhnies a
elo; fener 290 aeeuls the velerethy of evik r,t
eo Comitinnig 3 anilg C, the rete Ww
z /4
w, he abhsoliGe vrleety of tuhnuce whe next row
of Chace, He unk Aone tu Buy diye Stage «2 ab-
tnd frown. We velrety Magra. “ The uourl
Turhiutes aw Airtted uo Theor wo frinefal
Clase : |
Oe Laval
|. Keteon or Luuputse tyfee —¢ Curtiso
[rattan Zoe lig
Fatcone
eg Renee oe UP oe Hels urerth
He preaeed he baal tertine Comecots of a Sigh
bucket Set aul one 264 of Ainrgirg nezshs, Fig 9.
She Steaur. tulrug Th
nwzikes at Corl, punue
W txpauddh we The nozzle
to (ke baek Prenaure , atl its
Si Ae NOS
add Bei ica Fig 9 De Laval (Sweden)
NM 1 ea eee isi ogee dei the Guodents
by npfautee. Crw-Prerewre tentiuce of Mito ryfie Are net
Conatuetred,
| ure Shaye Aauctk eack Preroure Stage Some De of-
4 And prxed bladed. Fa 40 Sheus The An Aegemnscy-
of tladse fa Sug
Stage Artic. eg / Shows
Ke Arrangement Ba two
Stage Artin. Me vel-
ceihy Up a jek 8 reder-
A Ly tack re<r2e2al
ue She Prerrng baie
—< Le
CLCCOE CCC CC
COE
(Pr
>)»
CCC
ro
a SRS
Frg-“ — Curtis (United States)
Multistage Turbines - Impulse Type law <r
aut Mis peeero Carried owt wo mary tine 40
of the pt. Phuc Me shear cx Cack Stage 0 Allrnatl,
Mee! | pl te he a, of) ti Tha than
ar te Katean tirtie, He priucpal of Prev
Coutborucling W cuckloynt The tirtine Comacets eoceu—
| Ainlly Of teveret Achat Frrtines we deries , Arig
js
Figle LOW PRESSURE CURTIS STEAM TURBINE DIRECT CONNECTED TO 500 KW.
GENERATOR (TYPE CC 4-500-1500)
in dfparat Chautew. Fg 4+ shows The acracgenat
of tate Auk geidic, Pe Conctieho. of We Zoctl,
tay fe we berg duuilar Yo thar of The Taka. ofee, aud
aU The Kenehe cuetgy Bevel fit nu €ackh fi'weck quid
| w utibedk uw A digh revetrns urkel
/7» the Vareeno Furtine , Quccle bnuter Art Con-
ploy fo AMicer He ofcan. Agaiuet The rauce of He
to traueterrr the <curay OF The Stone Con fhe ucto
Katie tucrigy | Bul Cun iergirg fro The gure
vues , le eucrgy Gf The Shean 6 onl, fartt, hinhe,
wufarthé xo He rau of Ske meving wheel H funn
17
DSS SSS SSCS SSSA
PS SS SSS SSS SESS | ae an]
t
h
iY 7
ZACLLLA 4
K si LAR — AAA RR AB AAAS Qs Be wala! ae |
MOA rss
SS
WESS Sy] EH J
UN ag! WP
Z Wn
Fig. }3 Sectional View of Turbine Casing GEC
E. Co.
CCEE€
oe. Ve NY YN
Po
CCCCCCCCCCCCC
Fig 14+ Rateau (France)
Zoelly (Switzerland)
Multistage Turbines - Impulse Type
Power
18
za za ra
o Zz My 2 v Za
pw. 4 Sp ae of of
z : z z
=< FE =< E =< k
aa FS oa h ad e
— o = a =a D
OUT
OUT
Fig.
Arrangement of Blading in Parsons Type Turbine.
Allis- Chalmers
guide vauec ua cuftyt to Ane Tie Troving Vout
by expauesx.. Phe Steau Then aroes % Tho next
ter of | nem Yau Aue Morrg lauts Aen he
Shaw w Acatacd. Fro 1S Shows The arnaugeymeuT OF
boades uw VFartens’ Artic
Ake Hauilter -Melewatt skau turbine nsemtdh,
tke Cinema ue shat the Skan flows Throryk The
Firtre we A Continesns tel Mut whu ao Ke
eee | «ee ha | Faeons toy fas expauds bot uw Mla
| Girdle vauce Ae ick Fhe thal buckets ke cxbaus-
| ou 1 Cougiued to The guide mance ort, we This tyme.
:
JZ —
yr
2
“MINNIVA SOTOUT G°1Z ‘ : a7 d= epic
Your @7)Z ‘ainposqe “sq, GT “dy 000% ‘eUTqINT, MOY-e[qnod ‘ainsseailq MOT 8sNoYysuUNseM ‘UOTVIS—OT “3Iy
Hl IH Bi
ON ng
UM HW i
2
RO
’. Westinghouse, Double-flow, Low Pressure Turbine Unit
; fitted with Governor and Automatic Reducing Valve.
Arranged for brake load test.
Fig /7
4
ine
ivi WN) Woe
f) UU aoe
ma
FIGIS
ELEMENTARY PARSONS TURBINE WITH ALLIS-CHALMERS MODIFICATIONS
— «
:
|
Representative Low-pressure Turkine /rstallations
J. Gary Pek Haha A typoreat Crauht of Lau =
Of The Uiko Sate Cat aud Gk &@ Gary, ier
Va. Powrr to frst fo Fhe Wining frepirty seoriy
tarich , pups, bbowere ve. Hie plaut Contains tno
Frg.(9{nterior Power House, U.S. Coal & Coke Co., Gary, W. Va., showing
Low Pressure Turbine.
24x44x22 Corks Engine 750 K.W., one 100 KW. Couplete
CxAaudienr Stra JAurtrne Geel one /000 Km lowypress-
ure Shera Purtrne, Cork Gf Parcene Yee. Aeee rrrtine
an den ty ieee Corbi uve, fan Area, ecek
24 uw Adar Aut RF fr tugh . Zh. follwing
bye Aenghh, wmdticah (he ermal Ofer. ation. Z 7k
uty fron Jteatringd take. othetin 7,/908.
iiss a
; =
7” wo
BP
‘:
©
é
i—_,
%
15
r :
DuAput of excginig ---. - --- (400 kw.
QA fut op lr prevowrs Yurtriry / ROO KM,
| Straw presenur (Gangs) alae aah ISO porwuds
| Va cune LP Turtrne (repel 430%. 25-8 170hes
| lecugerraturn of ingeetion --- BB hgru~
Tecufarrater. Gar -~----- BS hype
Cootiig ue Power 2. - + BS Olgas
epee Tee ore Make A wb teen Kat Fhe low- Pay,
turbine Carried rark, Kalf The Tetel lend on Orr Tan
26 wceheo Yrtwn , aul woell Kaw Carried over (S00 KW.
On 28 uckeo pac.
2. Installation in plant of the BeVendorf Fike
Company of Davenporr, Ja: Wtowat wu yours age
phat, Mle a Thorough wiretigetcn of Ke vnrime
Prva meres, 2 fueters Srriutkedt % the Crw-punun
ee ag ee es
prow he Slanck-poiit of ratbiahtit,.
afore The Lnetatlatin of he Yertii. fhe PA
Two 100 Kw, Aieek ConmecesKHl hgh speed Pace Core
LN EY Tae
A nity fF higd-oulee prupe.
Bu ar Corners. Wut skane unr evkaueteel ut
q our trac, , matiiig Au heal Arrangement for
—S) ea
a a sto . Se” pers
a a eA
: , of A
q 6
* * ~~
co a a Nagata: ~ Son laaltN GB
=
ry
a
r
R3
Corrncetioxn ww Au exhauss Tirtinre,
Ke coufauy, deecaed Yo rvetall a S00KW. horiean.
Fal Curtire furtiue, He reerth f fest nelicahkat Mat
7S to G0 frercent of The Cccergy elievercd Yo The Ciigines
ac auxitkarie, ane tecormed. SY ime forunl Hat suey
feet exhkauot Ska ane aenilathi to furwiek 425 Ky
Comtruatl, ao as muek Ag S75 KW. fer Shot perso
Jkt wrtixr frat, Srne uf “be Shut -clang eu %
Theo eet oy Cace Cone tientimnet, ee Ont EE
aMation of a Low-prenmue Artie ut Aug phee ahere
A duffircent 2fth, of exkaned Shaun » Aar-nifald fo
3. The swstallation ef Low-pressure Furby7e
(hr The In ter borough Kapiad TransiZ Comparyy 17
New York: Ais Company has tutbathdl Mace 7500
KW Lets And w now eugagek we wctathiug fv
Mnere Unit of The Stuuw sixe, Sack of Me 7500 KM.
low - prereeere Artie Lite rzeeeiasifs shaun from
2 Warkatau type oF Corting Crepes Kavig Yue
4A2-wek Avtizontal hgh porevure eglhicers + tue
86. week vertical fow- preiwu Cyhiudiw. (py 479.20, The
Cure A geno He a, ee Artie wants -ni, 6
gow tugi Watr-rale Prniig Mon- Conus, C
Tt
Lal
=
«
°o
he
6
)
&
fe]
3
a aw ems
et
smey ot dye
dy.
at pee! Pas ee oe
beat RS ‘ ms
-)e o vs - . ? ]
Seam : ere eee Ce re
a a
ERA Seas fas ©. hand equ 2 fot eed g
= : : + fee
. i 5 tab
by Th onbed i ee
- ej 4 -, o
- : <<(rageeeoo
/ - : >
_ - . x 4.48 4
n - - a owt
— * + f
: '-
- =. " - < " 4
- }
\ — c é —
WY st
. ba F q
- :
i eto ‘ ee
re , - * . Ae &
;
~ _ ¥
‘
: =" } : - .
. +
Sout
[ 25
| Qu The wutr-rak of two Cugines , F gives Me Unihr
Mak of Cnc Ceeginr acd Gw—premuce Vertiiie Grrtuieel,
Dguw The ante-rnte guaratid fora t+gpical Mohr
(2000 K.W. Staukark Aigk- wee Lei dk Hreceeiing Creede
SQum ContMActcs,
Fhe teats COFaiied Hy the wrt Maton of Bw-pro-
ature terntrues Au ae follows; () Bu aetrence of s00
fercut ue. mraximnum cafacety of (Land @/ A mcieree
IFO pereut tu CComemece Cafaety, GZ KCraut* &)
Savy of afferximah, FS frrceut of Me Con deccec dk
(Kean for retirn fo We brits A) Fy average uighrre
Print a. SConomy of /3 fercent orer Whe best hiegh-
Precoute fertine -eecutd4s (0) Wh arexage tenck Kemal
fficcey, of Zeb ~ercecre Cetrre. she Cinch of
GS00 Rud "S500 KW
ta HC Steet Concebicte, “Li geuynl he srsht-
nme Aurtinwe, Prag Le Uecmmended
dhirtver Tie Are govt cucginec atreaty total n om vis
ia Can of a Pen mofrtlation whi The Lond fact
Aud Fe Confl- toot are Kink. 2. Klute Lavrrig a
lay wehrthton Ba gor type of eeswrath
bugis, The Low- premuxe Artis meray Ae added
at a telat cost, wchioliung Mew Conkecety aurv/targ
oo es aaieaaanlpaaaaay
oun Me Atwt age Ov all wmrcetmenr
» sin, wah, ey <4 ~~ “ae ~e ——= . es
Py
> ae
¢
Tm *
i
% ba. Ti; ——_
to eeted Vie t — eG . . RS eee rs
| 3 Ait A eta ott
Zz 26
pow Kw. of The eutre flaunt aud So rebrecug Mi
freed Chargo ir KW ~ hour, ”
| 4, Installation in jhe power house Of FRI /a-
delohia Frapid Transi* Cormpan ry, TKig Station
port of He oigrnlt Philncetihin Traction Coufauz?
| Pewrr egircfrnrent Aned ans Crilk doin yiar age
wher. the prtten. of high beueion Anucmmiscoun ame
met delrid, Zhe shaton ans eguifick anh Mer
Curren? Cugiice - gtctiatord ancl ane Creates ni 7k2
Conteqututth, shirated nen- Concuwecig. Hse Sno
att, wrth Slatienge ocfrratd Condsecing bur uncr
porr tend tordithongs
For a coneiduratth periert of tine no Monts
Who Gu haiging Uw ro & Condeuising shation
Ao Thig wpb Miners AYrenthn. FE a Kine
SS Stations atte GetLi egeihiuit yar
Mirek hlt, Cconcmy. Kt 7he Stew “ine Ke on7bur
of [hes Station hus MeruLadug wit no fachtli, fo
Met The Acard BKeee eo fects Led +o 2 Crnsethara
Bp the Comdeverng perth. no unk nae anitale
4 wre neeevrarg +o tustall Corting Pei. The uahtate,
Of Condensers wa, net feractical az all anclatse
pee Rac atreat, beer weed. Phe turgid geuerarors
r - 7 aay .
) ao Ge
~ i =~
} ‘¢
4
pay - hy +
ty
Ve. hee Ce. cee
ress) a gay | yh Re
+
ee bs ee) ree
a
‘OO LISNVUL GIidVa VIHdTAGVIIHd (“M4_008) SLaS
UOLVAANAS ANIGUNL SILUND AANSSAad MOT “1319
iL
‘ 7a we oe o V1) Ore i
La | 7 7 am, "a \
: v i” Ds i eat ay:
hic ae a at
7 Jt ‘=! ¥
ome
y
,
» "tps ~~ §) r ;, **
_ we : ia 7a"! ms
= on
’ : \ | ape Girt ers
aa dg?» Lapras
oh. = ee ey ale.
sayy ; Mati é
he eee: (oe
iy
q §
i
wnt
i
> =
sll
x
«f
\
. F rn
ae
f
(
1
i}
C]
9
a
ie" ‘ 14 P
_
[
|
——____
28
win of uSufficecens gine Yo Shrud ary grea Ue Crence
dog the exhaust pifing Shick Kad ber ce denies a
Puter of yare aun me revisme Kad ever Leen
trate to make k raccnn-Agkt, To rin Me Crginee
lon Aewoiug, The otk cxkauct fife, kad to be refbrecd hy
feariiig Ont Aun abf'hona/ erfeercee.
Klowt Thin Prue The SxKauer Sac Artie
pacfrcsction preecrt piety . Pls Comeitlntl Thought
aud figuring, #4 une final, Aecoed Yo ry ax
ee A At 7a. GO00KW.
on KKe tofe fort of he SIxh Lecgiue- forutntion .
Orgucal flaut. Phe orgrcat ctecg> G he Shatin
provitidl prox then Frtn Arne orporruw
Crrt Eng vies 2GX 40X48 inChes Shnrating ar Porm
lth 160 porwwd> wihnal Shear fresaurc. Ener pan
Cf Cugintss 7 Mirek Conecceted to a [500 KW. PC.
groratyr. Four of These anh bere teofatie ar
fret. Fhe meal Atahr equifuenr Gratin wu brik~
torn frm wsuffitirt+ aut a Larger kraky wae
miler. The onl, Avalath peor wae He The cugine
now a The hear Ane wotitidd ore oru-hay
of the Space alloticd +o the s/f Muth, Bho! Thi, Fine
gate RE 5 Rm SS
ieee OS cg Ie ee
=. a: > ae wile, con
Te aS ee hie ge BE
NAO go. G
A E. s
. be - -
| > nit ding a a ee a ee »
tt eae ; i
« é a tr ‘ee ai, te +. ~
ER ia ie
bee a ae An Tae
by
fas Oh, em on en s ;
Rg
ea
= sorts
SD
i!
|
N |
Lo
=
na)
‘a
if
|
ee
oy
AT
A)
LLL LLL
Fig. PLAN OF EXHAUST PIPING IN STATION
pes
ee N
C |
tN
LLL CLL LLL LiL
ie
LLL LLL
ue 3 +
No A f*s|
SSNS Sf SSRN SASS TELE
SOON
[ 30
The fifth unit ane neotalled , Whick Tien Complited Ws
Shr fret ae forte he Oigqural Crilbiicg We Corr cerd
Ub berg nuforitii rw (Ke. The texte Unecr
Ahi brit, wom eyrnfermenr sad aloo reacked &
marx tana At This true. Din Conesrn +f rrinchex 375
Horr Ponrr Bateux aud ailerx Crh Aud sore “007 Hose
fowrr. Pork bet
Ae main txkauet Syoteu Conokd of tue
exhauet ints one on cack dds of fhe Eccpine ro0%7
battintut, cack Aeecgrnert Yo Cake Cau GZ Thies nik
Detaite 77 Susttlatere: Le pLrecieg We exhaust
Shean frtriren 1 hes KC ery few Chaeger are
made ue The geval Sthevie Gf exkauet frig, Ae
The Purtine har % alicee au eh by a2 Hee ux Ue
24 uch Sxkauer ter on Ke eCacd Sie of He Sint ox,
um 000 59. $f Corventir— Creu Alber ocx Sunpoe Con-
Geusiry each Conucetidh AueerZ, vo he Yurtiiu 4,
Tata a Shot make-ufo picee. Dre Corting renew
wow tretidl Zotuet He MK eud of Ma bulhiy
Aut Cirrwt on Au eratnt bhitform of rufreed
Cmertte. Eatk truer bo egiikfekt anth Avy (08 ck
fous on offerte tivig Aud sferrated Ci, he Sane
_ Ariven Oy 46 Hose Four motors.
3/
Fhe trtriie, au The Curt vertical Aye Aud
au ff He Stue Geral Meetgn Ae He Cour-preaure cud
Of the Regh-freaure Certire rurtiic.
cprration Cx lee (5 1905, Auk ke Beeend sn. a 4th
hater. Fig 23 Shere Me reer of [ix rachis frou
3,500,000 7
|
2 000,000 = Station |Output ie ama es 7 = a
3 2,500,000 [Ss A — -
s
$ 2,000,000 t +
:
_ 1,500,000
3
St) Output of Turbines No.'6 and No. 7,
500,000 i = aa
0
= 30 aI
No. 6 and N
1 “20 —o Ss)
‘a hel WA
n oO |
|
a
Pens
Tin
Ce)
oe
i.)
a
a 3
ae seca eata seems SoS eas f 2S Sas Gee Ss
Se Bane 8 Sees Bae oS Se S Rar S echacerse eh eee
1904 1905 1906 1907 1908
Fig. 23 TOTAL POWER OUTPUT AND PER CENT OF LOAD CARRIED BY
EXHAUST STEAM TURBINES
That fine up % Spterter 8/9708. The fever reerce
Caring 1906-7907 wp Corte pfrovttis with Geurratus,
Preto wh Ceti rs. But ern Hin , Mou ow
a coneidirabti wereaae ui The Ourhut Aue €Conemy
OF hh “Mmackiues Aung he years aneutd vo
I4-6 prrcent of The tugine Conk. By refewing Yo Me
Coed tynenufetion Cume, QA market dewease Cau be
ii
TY
j 32
Stu Anning he frre tu whieh Mi furtris ave
denies Ke Leet recorre weu abvngs mracde wher The
i en eaten
Kilowatts
|
T
/24.7%
43.7%
i =a
Exhaust Steam |Turbine’ Generators
9 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
P.M. A.M. M, ‘P. M.
Power. N.¥.
Fig.@4fRELATIVE LOADS OF EXHAUST STEAM TURBO- DARWEN AND ENGINE- DRIVEN
GENERATORS, SEPTEMBER 4, 1908
Fig 24 Shewe Ue out fut Curve for the Shation on
Leelee ty 4/90F Qud wa tg frat Corre Hrriug hE
Stes mourie. fig £3 Whek Skunv The ween of
Sy ae Berg IG0b6 -/907 bo Lower thaw n05-
Aenthivg Shit. the Firtiues wen Cprvahig nik
Apical Mey Stl Skowrd a gain of /4-6 preutt
WON) Bch Ta Achiahitt, of rhe Machin
Lecco react ofehing Crclihiou 19.25 Kar heen
JSP ns WM ah |
b : “
eae fei Se ARS ey
ee eee | eae
(| | Bar
700 t | 1
|
| | |
[ ze | |
80.4 iad ac xim a it) | °4 Ho | |
4.9% x 91 16 Maximum O typ tty | per Day
600 | — | ja a
Average 70. | |
eee | | BO,
laa f
}
| ral
500 = — 33
| >i a a ee = | ay 1
V7)
<?,
ae a Z
O = Slee / Serle aren
|> Z
= = RS Al
3 n »4
400 -tl | +—|— xy - a +
vA 8
| 2 aa) —
" >
) — —
q
te +
| 9 7
300 5 —
t
V2
L ;
oie
00 pode s=Se a= | tos: No-7—Averag) 9075
4040 | eS eS SS IE Sake eared re a | el [iersral oe |
a
Z
CL.
WT
100 100% 4 No.6 rage |91
50
25
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
September, 1903 Fp, ETE
Fig. 2.5 OPERATING RECORD OF EXHAUST STEAM TURBINES
prepared - DhQ Cuno Show Ke “*tetnnd of The Ma-
CReneg Arkon Arig Scyeteutin 11908. Zhe prac-
tice at the Statirn new w~ +o kueyo Ke Ferbics
The cur for Nob machine Shows Kat ik Kae
beer ian —dtwiee T#:9 ferent of Fhe Curr, Hie
Auring The ‘montt Auk No. 7 77AaCkine FOF |
percent of the Hue, Zhe tee Corr Cures show
Hie tondk fuetr, No.6 Aviraging F/ percent fill
dah Aud No.7 Go pircente fll bad for The Cutire
|
}
He operating puetS @u avnage of 7026 prcuct
| 34.
fer the tuo -mackines 0 Cb fained for The cutie ment
Of Syetenrticr.
Jonct- to gt Son exact figures ae vo Thi
sesh ee, Lew) it Ths, fo thority
tatles,
] Tob/e IZ Dara orn lerréive
meee ORS Ala. aS ou.) eon aor
| Ne? skam us<d by turbine per tr, lbs ---- 320424
| Steam jer Kr br (ary jflés -------- 3775
| 5 4ea 7 pressure peournW abs - - -~ - - -- [4-33
| Yacuur7 , it a ake Sw a Se ees OI,
7able DD Au KIVA ES
Fower absorbed by Mote niverp Aux. -P --- 156-02
Tower absorbed by Sry vacuum purypo UP -~-- 976
Fower absorbeo b y. hot wt? V45 rye 9 =) Ge ek ee, O. 73
Fower absorbed by Sk bearing PFET TLE ~ Oe 4. RZ.
Total power absorved by Quxr/raries PP - -~- 17R:*8/
Fe reen age of Atk Marr/esS te total outpur- sh SBT,
Net wicreased lead 4o Cro (ead prreent--. 16:8
Table TL Condenser Fesu/*s
°}
Cee ane hee fe ee FE
Jemperature oflpyeer om Wwarer ah Are te ay RTs Gs
| Temperature of lis Charge Water F°- - - ~ 76S
Temperature af Hat wel! water -K°.-- EhOG
|
|
aOR eS 3.4
au aie ere. : . Aeon, 4
; maak! a. | ha a i
- 5 i aes 1 See 4
agra eke ne ply Raa ten vt
a ae eee rene, hes ¢ > ;
> > _ ecedhy oe ayy Tay er a
— , ea aged sy ae
brn “ae ws oy’.
3 :
as:
ii 53
fi sgurning Kat the Cortina Cginrte uw Who Siahey
Rtas ES of Shean fr Jb, 4 Can Le Seece
kitvwatl Coutlie derelohestt 2% the Artie for
bach Kowntt onr-put G he Ceegru geuratos,
Mlowriig 30 bercect of exkanet fr feet Luaters
akproxtiumte 7%o ferecut of he engine Cahaerty.
Ae recnlhe sltaiuesl On He Kote of Ae Aiding
aw €xaett, te Aeeprclawee ante wWKat uray exkeehed
frou regular Siation rhtrating enh area ont,
Confirms the belief kat We exkare Ska tortie
to Wak Coneiherng Ao A menus of “eretecieg Ki
Aud Aurfiut of 2 nen- ComAececug Stavem
BAA fr Me peret Sx semble of 1905 before Ke
tertiies Wr nistrled, Areragen 4:48 food pur
falowett- howe. Ft Coal Comeninfresu hr hires
Ax ments G 1906, afir Ske Antinecs are wv etig
average 4:08/b per kilewalt-kh. , Showing 2 Saviug
Of 0.8 1b Of Conk parr kckprratt-ter. Mo The +efal
otdbuct of The Station. fer The fered Six monies of
1906 bo 20,346,890 Kelouwnt-hrio, hic Shows a
Saving oF 4,069 7o-m¢ CF Cont Or6/ BE ren0 fr Tho Kear,
i!
oat omar ig a , AZ Aa ‘ :
> te : at Ks i ;
a
—
6 au ie 7
< vested rf, ‘t% ye ek a ve BY
vy), See J Liu al Ny va hae 4
+
36
wrheek, Pigwud avr 83.00 jar You , Qewcndls Yo FLA 4/y4°°
— exkaet forrxr rte frre eeegenrer, 4 flan Mad
He ucefellation of abditiousl Lew-prermun terres
Cafath of utileing 2tl The exkaca?t Ske ae. AXL6 ccof
Ma Conl Criewiprou Arwr % BH per bKebuadhan
Arow Ke Powk of res CF fred emt, he rperrl
Sham egiifsuenrt Core SeueRee ue He rnecolfeur-
Ard 12 8/00 per kebwel, acd ro Karr mcurecd
Their Output ou its Arg mal ie) Waroet Pha Aleit ae
Mreu7, He lrw-punurc tertines , ort contig rss
however, wae snclatid af Bu exfouwse of afftximal,
950 par Klewnt. Zhen a savrip Go o0% wi Mm
prt meer ase of KCaur 1 ertdeui-
5 Combined Lroine o7d Low-pressure
turbine i727 The Mercror7r yesse/ Ca iL:
ye) BAY! mechs biddel fitted
the New Zealacck tills Wc ee Pires te
Mery, i Brnuterfvon. Sk to vertecatly A Seeker
Sif ES LE IE A, Open”
i) an ye
yous
. hot ye >e ey aR
\
= : > LD hela
7
eo i. me. ee is
4
= = ws - a >
{ ss te ne 7 at
—= é x ps »
eee ee E. t ——o
ite gt.
San wesc ‘a eee Se
a, a i. E> Y 4 ' : ~), 4 tx 4 )
_, . i 4
>a bee Werte A SH 4, awe _
a ne
| by he Sanur Corufary. Us brite tuatallations ts Mh
R00 Porwuh per 99. vrck,
She eecgiuss of The Oraki” Cuneced of rere con
Aiving wry Jigkiline aun a2 Garp rurkin
Arviug 2 Core frihieth, Ae tnrtiie Stew wn
tke Choke” Qeanrall, staking , Ge binary Caan
Low - renin nfs
Su mrery oF Com par/S Ors Or Sriale — Fesuts of We
Otaki” and Crant” for a speed of 14-6 krr7s.
; Warer Consump rior
Nome P
MeV ELL? | Lf. io. Toral | Rr Ep | Be LAP
per Ar per Hr per Hn
Gain percent iy Ofak i
Jka neatts Show a deecdeX gain tu eConemy ;
hut # w eCrrdleuns Kat Anu exkueire ataphou of
Thie ‘i will wer be mack, exec pet Whine eComeuey
vkefred Cone dernake.: Ae Coupacinen Aud smatl for
Spacer of fertriues aru great Aburnutage Aud we Lee
ced Ae Hace fecec d “epiihiad
fth furtenen WACCk Are Goo ecemusiuical /Keu a
Contato of ae Bt Gwoapweun Kurtin,
—
— on
| iy oa : ; ee |
F a ‘ a Wa
Xx R
| cancer Cp wo
a eaiek
: . “ a
oe ae
/ Pe ee
PS + a
a . ‘sy \
a ia
a:
v
aks hb a
~ a ar
~) <= -< s Ss teal
¥ a
r mW a we AS. |
?
eb
| res
> eR
L es Sats =
ees a ov
i > eae
¥
4 4 a =
/
|
|
38
6. Low- pressure Furbine 7 The Liner ‘Olympic:
Tke Toot reruarkatl affpteation of lour- poremwe twrtria
a fore or the BK Star Mier “Uigmie ” sed
W Lely Conshtuetour. Ze ar apimins of yur areey
propctict Anivee Lig reeprorating tugines wit a
centr prwfell. Arvin by a Gw- prem rrtiu ta-
hee. Meo oe he Liisa Cawreater” writ Snek grofyrry
Jtett$ we aut Ke Caminaten of nhationr
Marit Aas Leen acattedt for 7, Cnr Bympce” He
Yo wring profetha Are Ariven by AKA exXauecm
fegints write freur egbidwe He Kok preewe eybiide
Maceg SH weehte, The miermctial EA mchie Al
Yue Low pour cobredire D7 wicker vic Preeti , hh
ae. 2 shoke fp bfaer Bushee, Te contr
[rreperthr o lance thy the Lalor xfs 4 62
fuerte Lakes Cteacr. frau He Low — Prermiwee
Cgbhictrt Cp The engines. Arrow he Comfauys
SFanctfheriir The pat avhachi~ featnu of hs Wa-
ve Beer plate of He CAlcago Nerlh Westers7
Frai/wa vy Térra1na/, — First new plant whith has 1778-
tated low- SP TESS Ure furbine tr Cormmecfar pw tle engias:
ah sey
my SA ERS,
en SES hae
a OG. He “~ WS me |
ONS. nop SC 0h a ‘See
; Re Fon ig wet AY Ase aig
re cape mv
: oy) 2 oe 7 n ‘
ine ie -a oa) ioe
Be
a
ae
z 39
| Yu the eecgiw Mone ire Ate at poreccuy “-
| stetliel Tiaee vertreal Crere- Comfeowudl 0n- Con eneing
Ate ha brrwvc COrtvn Exgices, wit 25 auc 444,92
_—7 cack ratkid AF WSO uwhcatkdt horce
(Powe , ar (00 rpm. arte Skene. prunuce at /5SB
aud 0 BLegrce F Gaferkena 7 rr. Curtiss lw-prermm
i purt—rre Auk ghuecratrr nuk 4 Sov K-W.
Capatty w wetnthd ue Whe Mmaehire Pron. SH
to Me talento: fo re r07- Condmuecug Haring Lraome
Wher Shean frr Keatriy will Ce Mecemary arel
wee fhe Low prereen Anti or% at grek tine
ae erkauct Shean wrth obinanl, be alorid Me
| amet 4 We thmerpher, Kher nol reuty Oe he
Aeatig Spero Tle ight tinh writt be Taken cone
Of tig ue of The Urbino Euginee aw 2 He tn
upto A feocat Sher The COmbried tits ee fill,
broad When AucdMir ecegine well Ce Cue ee Qed
|
So ou. Bh Cee gues haw a Farr aute ao hal, -rake
OF 18-6 fonuds pr IMP agawet 16-5 poiud abe.
Awek [CeTeuWrEe , Hon Wetetiee: Kas A guarnurtecol
wat.- ral ff 32:7 frowed of exkauef Shear pew
LHR Phe huge af mtd tad ronld Like
(1150 K/P-6 = age)” aud Alp //50 LHP. he terbie
‘ja Thee seey hoy SGN ASR Se eTN 7
a ee sroarenaigewd aims. ne
ee oe epetngees Ree
Sk he Oe >a
2 =. a haehianind. will Re Ieaghes —_
cared sly -SREBawR ira wy
«
rt t, ue en a Toe —v
a ee, ee ee
vai . — | —— i 7s ott MT re ee ot
ahve a
> warm 4c? gl pee a rl
." \
~ — at dhiperes. la a | “ads:
sca on ne eae “hated _ glen
ay al sanded” Sal Bybee dy TRt oe
(SN haat Stet Geely Wile Raa iG Kaa
pat 8s, as Aaa |
ins Ya pee:
bd ae:
aes ”
i &
ee
Pr pe
wth Stun Shae wont lind (21400% 32-7= 655)
LHP Therefore the Gtel SHEP Aerekped 4 eqeral vr
(80S Shrek gues a wat.-rek fF 18 (bo ska
fer ZH.
Muck ov oo a ‘it cs we
“ke prt Aine fu exkanet-shanu trtin, init
4./
Hear fecumu/otors - Effect of Vocuurn
In Lour-prereun Ska tert hrachiee 4 fe-
aS the Khourl, Consuuphsu of The
turtrice, lt te Mraig Crees The Sufhly o> irreguler
Auk whrellent , cwricg ro The fret Mar The Agh
Prints tr rothing - Dvtl Ciguus , Tarratig art Short
utah of rine
Io Shady the nfl, of exkauet Skeacn. Arol ou-
att atfrorxinsZLel, Conetnut Stan. % te tthrird
fuer 4 fle Efkt YG Shean Couthkt, she fer
Shnt# utiarh GZ rue, Proferonm Hateaun kas hort
Out A regeuratie Kuat acccunlater, Aer Conecits
of & Arat-s Jecdervpir «x Bhiek he Crlenge
Stace ter Le excen OF The Atm aca 4 Co colececol
bxkawt sheen suff, face 7 2 Mmeufficerend: Hs
Yue Creeutals of ee hiM alee Bie eddie l dh tn Thad
(genrnll, wal ) % Sine The regucesl aes GH
Aeat, acct Wat Hire Shalt le a tnopiecend weds
buvfonw fir Te Pleewarn ainponiior. ariiurs
eee
62s
owe NS ka RAL
ty
~~ a “Sava Devlin = - eee es, sase
es eee SS
mean = Pe ase be | m
Aashoeay nat am 9 ae 2) aa
_ ee
ee Gre
vee a ON oe
wd —% a seem eee en
ann a oe oy Rees
" : ’ q
) eae. ol ae Te Pr : a SSRI
‘ ae rm >
ye boy le. aad OR we pe vs
ae Ne f
ey at Oe gal as Sa IS Qrlasees
= 5 ;
am, ‘ais getty: ee See ~~ eS oS,
ne Se ae, sat P29 = RS ir .
ee re Ke ease a8 Rall
+3 Se kos ® ters at Seale
eee ae daw, Goat, ait «:
ft, ee eee ies ~ aos ae . :
ot oa geies wm ey. od ( “Say .
4L
Shean Thar &%
5 ta, whhen Prrvrt | =—SHhe acer :
| | w CuCiring The
— he Li,
frremwre , puet aiee alee Ai Conocquentt,
wot, Can ext ux fie AlCCicnukhr ata kghr
Surprnee of Hi nak ac Huw le Aeze 4
Prevewwe of lhe Shean , 7ae 7 IES.
[teracete Yerbrice , .
Cpe Ke etn Or
ee SRP
Man LeCecwuucuKer :
| Cometnif Aenred oo
| patting wu Conetguccnee HE snhe 742
| — wr fart Emfernn&.
Of ig, | aes
: i Ann fro a Pri a fKarrg
| fr ettirns Mrriwimution Ae ce Fon pre oe
Pade Ahir 03 os A
cs
er . ret vet BS
on pa ae oe.
eho ani ies eS
~ Kees.
’
whee
‘
N <4 “~ * ot =. ?
,
~ . = wi nde
ce a .
Ne
©
ot ar?
2s , Ravine S-
) ‘ |
&> aero Mod! 4
~ , ‘
* ge i vit » = a ee, Sorel 7
‘ , = a eed
;¥ 4 Sach « 9 oa? 2y.." ‘of . e
e
a ~ irre
JZ 43
to stere heat for Quy Thing trr~ Shaw Short f oe
But a Largs Prete Caet, Core auch The feror
Car aun Kear Aecwenlhhrs mreay ke weer, Lu
Caen of log whine pried rear Artine
Stowld ke used wetat of Lou--pPrermurn Artie,
So Rat Live Ska may ts need anflent Ang
br ew fo Throtbeng,
he effect of Vacuum io bery Cordent frou Wt
fhenctieal wal--yni Cun. for Leff @ jacana
26 Fhe Lower The Condenerr prrainsgtiboner woutd
lower premieres 22 he Curr mdbvcate. But The mot
Sa i acaaemameate fro greene (Laut be tat.
ay Of the phat ecomerng at Varin, Meua , Me
pow Coniiuuption of Aauxiliars, Auct he Chratiy
ak fixed charge 7 the auxihary flac
——aP ° 42a
SP
S50 55 SEBEs CASE OUEEs ae
S.S.FORM3
U. OF 4.
wet eee
Soe
ones
2 em =
—— “f ti
i 7 fc
aa ow be inal naka E < —_, as
$ aan bo ot A Ae Ss ww" 3 Ee ee ade i ale . a | -~a évverheo-al i ‘ ~~ a a on a
ae ai ‘atte se ae Se is st iS = > <<
Es ~ 5 > re + Poe : ees - ay
e : gee aGos oat co ke ;
nee _ 7 & 2
+ . .
» “
7 ad is =e ; , ‘ t 5
. {aia “> -- - ~ Sietialetacs a ? | 3 ~ + 2 ,
. ? ~ x
3 + : 7 ~
= Y ' y 7 a
as, Si: +
- is -
a . on i an 7 _ s
-- cS = be =
os ; tier
“f
- - ;
j A 7 ae
. ‘ a . a -* ea,
Céihg 7
ry a Le
=. oe
,
?
: a
x “= .
™ 4a
. t = ee a
: Zz 45
| Conclusion - Field and Future of Low- PL ESS tre
Turbine
| BS. Steauw eugiu ue exrntvg Shits Aaving
5S. New Shatine “ thief me sracu Cuguit Rud The
Option.
Of Kee frie caces Ke prick Are Secen % Ka
the greatet fell Aud SMoncauch GY euginu- are
OR rating lice Von. Cundensng Ar/e onl, Mu-kay
Of te tolel anilatt werk aeatecd. Li Sire cece,
Au wmereace of 100 prrecnH* cc He Praxis
tpt Maneater arate he bbninal Bey » tee
additional frrk Grr Go on-id ro ou- Katy Gis
* + 4 , mS
pied — oe Sere me i 9's ae Pee,
Co. eae a2, Pat ae » ,
S| 46
0 Ottaind frac. The exhaust Heau AnThout burn
Wg Arey mmx Coal, Consequentty ucereacing The
Ltoueny -f The plat, Phe motitlatken of The Nagin
Troeit Crrmpoug om New York wick Arte Uwe Me
Atm Cae, ReetlewH ue Qu arvizage hirwal
efpremey Gf 206 % , a eecarkadl, Agl pout
ur Skrarn prueticc
J. Tke Mind Caee , alfirrgh We Saving wo roto
motanets of oth ceeign f flaunts 4 €Conenical x
apforatno Thee facts au ving A ftbicakh Shen trek
phlaunts At Crowe Aauitt ere ww AO mre prom fer
ee
hile Actfohia Mapek Trausit & Ae tuotatation o
.... mae 7 a
| Pe. i tied We 1st tens ica
Rew the Low forrrut trian 3 going to be astabteot
Ke conkaetrun Bf The fartit Ael Sonal floor
9 00 7 Ae Pacts A adem tngen
le flees ae stir, hind f prime mreres, Yer ik
— nebinn Gud Shawne, 2 Comtiuetin of Aigk preo-
a Shean eegine 2rd lw. presen turbine guro
oF
a tdecadu Cconeng Ack worthy, C2 Coneichatiiu,
Ke rcecut cetallatioe of Théo ty fer of machinery WX
Thea Sun fuer
J. mew Station i 2 exhteuck, Louhtiiut him,
the Coutinatin Go AGh jbreaure ecugines ae Gr-
frecowre Anrtice wo beh, (Kaw SHa@c- Arbre 2.
He wiki Kao tar 2th & ful om, ru cece
The prouwrr (Laut 4 Chicayo Nor Weokr. MTaihuny
Teruel, Ke Calechthreu Shows gov Coneriey cio
qt 2 wake rmk Go Ue es pr THE Sn ree
Statioms, however the Seufptioty afferdidd Gy one
type of T™matkiut Ww Cornaiceredt Au adinutagt arc
ouanskatene C1 Comachahimoe.
But WShatewr Lar Leer vaid of The Cow-pres-
Mure tertrre, A Sees Af frret Kar & & fmra-
Adxicak, gelling cungy out —eThing Aeeol desbrorrirg
Ke fred anwentat Law Merucog navecer, Practical,
Yb Auenuuh Yo the Saute Thing, The ersrigy hick lao
poor, watid ur. The exhauet Shae, to Aarnened
ac We Cour -hisreure Artie Gull Au egual aunt
that The Cow-prreurn fertine 2 (a mors effiecert
}
}
—s = a. ONT 2%
ay
,
> ae
yt, *
—s > phe »
» we — s
pa” mie
San
Tan ~ be
¥
: et TVURR AY
¢ ~ -— aS
i” a"
"s
54 \e 7 ee .
wm
| A. * -
Fit
Pa’ oe s “~ ».
J
Te, pap: Sie en eid bn , pete so
ee
: . dere ial ep dats As Sn ee
a tie ae oe try
a ) tm tee
j dy ory, ‘Ye Fa a ak hes
vee Fa she \
Pos A aa feet ) ye ‘ooen., mm
Stage, = ee SP ate
‘
7
a
a woe i ott eee i '
=
eM > Se |
ee r ee -
.F
2
* 4
EN ae beet) ae i. ta
aa 48
CAte et ial a) i atime Ou Acconuy fifrrictine
Of badd and Mi wcibeating Cugie whieh 3 kG
| Cfficcent at Kigh rewire Chundd y.7/ Me Abynutage
Lange SKrecfre corti sf Shean, Hu net onl, &
grrk machin ly beetle, Lut When if Corbin witty,
Aeciprrcateis Leuguct ih helps to get fewer out hers
keepin to Meth, he high-pueure Shan mrtin
went Kaw been a proehent fachie aun rhe Hedprordt:
ing Leegrice wont kee Leer rte 4464 porime rier ro-hey
tp the Low- prerere Cun of The Artine wee Cur acer
os 9 Gere
Sean est x aw ix nate
Ree er get
49
hs b ow -preraire punrtrre fo ginrring
j Wag aire Aprfo
ae Heat Ex. gies G
= aoe Gorvdlenorugh
Be vat |
| | = i feeb tetas
acs ard Ceag uceer Reh et
: _. Cg Now @' 1%1\o
7: Prrchanicanr a ke
&. | R
| i | quet “1929
cal Wri
: we | ULAR parire ~ Marck "141
a Ak Cenqecten, — Apt 4°19
Exhauet
Sten
Re geuates
@ Pour
An, Chavles H Smoot ne Bi
p)
ray Ved (ad
+
th
Dah, oe Uk / y 3 .
RANK qi \ Ds , a SS VSN GQ Vv <
Nhe ) a “4 Rica
> . | fae
eae y . } WS” CE. *
MN arty 2 Soy > eh eh eee ah BO:
. ‘ \ < i Beey RS US
3 0112 086827125